Exploration of Arthritis-like Diseases
The concept of 风湿 (FengShi) in Chinese Herbal Medicine:
- FengShi, is an ancient Chinese diagnosis which included Arthritis (& Rheumatoid Arthritis,RA), Osteoporosis, Body/Joint Pain & deformities.
- The etiology of this group of symptoms are considered as the invasion of ‘cold’ & ‘moisture’ essences into human body, and show significant symptoms (sore, pain, & deformation) on body muscles/bones, major joints (like knee, wrist).
Explore Herbs’ Cures Targeting ‘FengShi’:
(search keywords contain ‘风湿’ or ‘风’&‘湿’ among herbs’ ‘Cures’)
Among all 7785 herbs collected, there are 50 herbs’ ‘Cure’ contain the keyword ‘风湿’ or ‘风’&‘湿’;
Among these herbs would cure FengShi, a word cloud of all their ‘Cures’(or say symptoms, occurred >1 times) is shown below:
From above word cloud, we can see that beyond ‘风湿’, these herbs also cure ‘跌打损伤’(Damages by Falling & Beaten), ‘骨折’(Fracture), etc, which highly related to pain, tissue (muscle or bone) damages.
Explore Herbs’ Functions Related to ‘FengShi’:
(search keywords like ‘风湿’ or ‘风’&‘湿’ among herbs’ ‘Function’)
(Herbs’ ‘Function’ is defined by herbal medicine theories, whereas ‘Cure’ are from patients’ complains & symptoms )
Among all 7785 herbs collected, there are 888 herbs’ Function contain the keyword ‘风湿’ or ‘风’&‘湿’;
Among these herbs which would theoretically function on FengShi, a word cloud of all the their ‘Functions’(occurred >1 times) is shown below:
- From above word cloud, we can see ‘祛风除湿’, which is a specific herb function targeting on FengShi, was selected;
- And beyond the functions target on FengShi(‘祛风除湿’,‘祛风湿’), there are also functions like ‘清热解毒’(clear the body heat & toxic essences) & ‘活血止痛’(improve the blood flow & stop pain) found as highly correlated functions of the same group of herbs. And those functions would help improving the overall symptoms accompanied with FengShi.
Explore the Herbal Prescriptions Could Cure FengShi:
Among all 51974 herbal prescriptions collected, there are 529 of them contain the key work ‘风湿’ or ‘风’ & ‘湿’;
Among the prescriptions could cure FengShi, a word cloud of all their ‘Cures’(or say symptoms, occurred >1 times) is shown below:
- And by exploring the prescriptions’ components, a word cloud of the herbs’ components(occurred >1 times) is shown below:
- From above word cloud, and based on findings from other exploration, the herb ‘甘草’(Licorice) was usually used as a mediator to harmony different herbs, so exclude ‘甘草’, we see ‘防风’, ‘当归’, ‘羌活’, ‘白术’, ‘苍术’, ‘川芎’, ‘独活’, ‘地黄’ are highly involved in the prescriptions treating FengShi
- A further exploration of the chemical constituents in these herbs are summarized below: (constituents in red are the same ingredients shown in different herbs)
| Herb | English Name | Main Chemical Constituents | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 防风 | Saposhnikovia divaricate | 5-O-甲基維斯阿米醇苷(5-O-methylvisammioside), 升麻素苷(prim-O-glucosylcimifugin), 升麻素 (cimifugin), 亥茅酚苷(sec-O-glucosylhamaudol), 亥茅酚(hamaudol), 香豆素(coumarin), 挥发油(volatile oil), etc | 防風化學成分與藥理研究進展 |
| 当归 | Angelica sinensis | 黄樟醚(safrol), 异黄樟醚(isosafrol), 佛手柑内酯(bergapten), 正丁基酜内酯(butylphthalide), 藁本内酯(Ligustilide), 芹内酯(sedanonic acid lactone), 花椒毒素(xanthotoxin), 异虎耳草素(isopimpinellin), 香荆芥酚(carvacrol), 苯戊酮邻羧酸(valerophenone-O-carboxylic acid), 棕榈酸(palmitic acid), 崀菪葶(scopoletine), 繖形酮(umbelliferone), 香夹兰酸(vanillic acid), 胆碱(choline), falcarinol | 当归化学成分的研究 |
| 羌活 | Notopterygium incisum | 异欧前胡内酯(isoimperatorin 0.38%), 8-甲氧基异欧前胡内酯(cnidilin 0,5-羟基香柑素(notopterol) 1.2%), 香柑内酯(bergapten 0.009%), 5-羟基-8-(3,3-二甲基烯基)-补骨脂内酯(5-hydroxy-8(3,3-dimethylally)-psoralen,0.012%), 5-去甲基香柑醇(bergaptol 0.088%), 紫花前胡甙元(nodakenetin0.04%), 香柑醇-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(bergaptol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside0.075%), 6-O-反-阿魏酰紫花前胡甙(6-O-trans-feruloylnodakenin0.022%), 二氢山芹醇(colrmbianetin), 二氢山芹醇甙(columbiananine), 欧前胡内酯(imperatorin), 印度榅桲素(marmesin), 对-羟基苯乙基茴香酸酯(p-ydroxyphenethylanisate 0.005%), 阿魏酸(ferulicacid 0.89%), β-谷甾醇葡萄糖甙(β-sitosterolglucoside), β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol), and a bunch more, pls see ref | 羌活百度百科 |
| 白术 | Atractylodes macrocephala | 蒼朮酮(Atractylon), 蒼朮醇(Atractylol), 白朮內酯I (Atractylenolide I), 白朮內酯II (Atractylenolide II), 白朮內酯III (Atractylenolide III), | 白朮化學成分與藥理研究進展 |
| 苍术 | Swordlike Atractylodes Rhizome | 苍术素(atractylodin), β-桉油醇(β-eudesmol), 茅术醇(hinesol), 羟基苍术酮(hydroxy-atractylon) | 苍术提取物百度百科 |
| 川芎 | Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. | 川芎嗪(chuanxiongzine) / 四甲基吡嗪(te-tramethylpyrazine), 1-(5-羟甲基-2-呋喃基)-9h-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(1-(5hydroxymethyl-2-furyl)-9H-pyrido[3，4-b]indole), 藁本内酯(Ligustilide), 川芎萘呋内酯(wallichilide), 3-亚丁基苯酞(3-butylideniphthalide), 3-亚丁基-7-羟基苯酞(3-butylidene-7-hydroxyphthalide), (3S)-川芎酚((3S)-chunxiongol), 3-正丁基-3，6，7-三羟基-4，5，6，7-四氢苯酞(3-n-bntyl-3,6,7-trihydroxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrophthalide), 新川芎内酯(neocin-dilide), 洋川芎内酯(senkyunolide), 香草酸(vanillic acid), 咖啡酸(coffeic acid), 原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid), 阿魏酸(ferulic acid), 大黄酚(chrysophanic acid), 瑟丹酮酸(sedanonic acid), L-异亮氨酰-L-缬氨酸酐(L-isoleucyl-L-valine anhydride), L-缬氨酰-L-缬氨酸酐(L-valyl-L-valinc achydride), 黑麦草碱(perlolyrine), 氯化胆碱(chloine chloride), 棕榈酸(palmitic acid), 香草醛(vanillin) | 川芎百度百科 |
| 独活 | 甲氧基欧芹素(Osthole), 二氢欧山芹素(Columbianedin), 二氢欧山芹醇乙酸酯(Columbianetin acetate), 二氢欧山芹醇(Columbianetin), 佛手柑内酯(Bergapten), 欧芹烯酚(Osthenol), 当归醇(Angelol), 花椒毒素(Xanthotoxin), 异欧前胡素(Isoimperatorin), 异当归醇(Isoangelol), 毛当归醇(Anpubesol), 二氢欧山芹醇葡萄糖苷(Columbianetin-β-D-glucopyranoside), 伞形香豆素(Umbelliferone), 尤劳帕替醇(Ulopterol), 彼西丹醇(Peucedanol), 水合氧化前胡素(Oxypeucedanin hydrate), 紫花前胡苷(Nodakenin), 阿彼斯基姆素(Apiosylskimmin), 胡萝卜苷(Daucosterol), 腺苷(Adenosine) | 独活知乎 | |
| 地黄 | Rehmanniaglutinosa | 梓醇(Catalpol), 桃叶珊瑚苷(Aucubin), 地黄苷A,B,C,D(Rehmannioside A,B,C,D), 胡萝卜苷(Daucosterol), 8-表番木鳖酸(8-Epiloganic acid), 水苏糖(Stachyose), 棉子糖(Raffinose), 苯甲酸(Benzoic acid), 辛酸(Caprylic acid), β-谷甾醇(β-Sitosterol), 豆甾醇(Stigma sterol),益母草苷(Leonuride) | 地黄知乎 |